Muzitsulo zodulira zitsulo, padzakhala zida zosiyanasiyana zogwirira ntchito, zida zosiyanasiyana mapangidwe ake odulidwa ndi kuchotsedwa kwake ndizosiyana, timadziwa bwanji mawonekedwe azinthu zosiyanasiyana?Zida zazitsulo za ISO zimagawidwa m'magulu 6 amitundu yosiyanasiyana, omwe ali ndi katundu wapadera malinga ndi machinability ndipo adzafotokozedwa mwachidule m'nkhaniyi.
Zida zachitsulo zimagawidwa m'magulu 6:
(1) P-chitsulo
(2) M-chitsulo chosapanga dzimbiri
(3) Chitsulo cha K-cast
(4) N- zitsulo zopanda chitsulo
(5) S- Aloyi yosagwirizana ndi kutentha
(6) Chitsulo cholimba cha H
Kodi chitsulo ndi chiyani?
- Chitsulo ndiye gulu lalikulu kwambiri lazinthu pantchito yodula zitsulo.
- Chitsulo chikhoza kukhala chosalimba kapena chitsulo chosasunthika (kuuma mpaka 400HB).
- Chitsulo ndi aloyi ndi chitsulo (Fe) monga chigawo chake chachikulu.Amapangidwa kudzera mu njira yosungunulira.
- Chitsulo chopanda madzi chimakhala ndi mpweya wochepera 0.8%, Fe yekha komanso palibe zinthu zina zopangira.
- Mpweya wa carbon mu alloy zitsulo ndi zosakwana 1.7%, ndipo zinthu zowonjezera zimawonjezeredwa, monga Ni, Cr, Mo, V, W, etc.
- Zochepa za carbon = zinthu zolimba zowoneka bwino.
- Kuchuluka kwa carbon = zinthu zowonongeka.
Makhalidwe akukonza:
- Zida zazitali za chip.
- Kuwongolera chip ndikosavuta komanso kosalala.
- Chitsulo chofewa ndi chomata ndipo chimafuna nsonga yakuthwa.
- Unit kudula mphamvu kc: 1500 ~ 3100 N/mm².
- Mphamvu yodula ndi mphamvu zomwe zimafunikira pokonza zida za ISO P zili mkati mwazinthu zochepa.
Kodi chitsulo chosapanga dzimbiri ndi chiyani?
- Chitsulo chosapanga dzimbiri ndi aloyi ndi zinthu zosachepera 11% ~ 12% chromium.
- Mpweya wa carbon nthawi zambiri umakhala wotsika kwambiri (otsika mpaka 0.01% Max).
- Ma aloyi makamaka ndi Ni (nickel), Mo (molybdenum) ndi Ti (titaniyamu).
- Amapanga wosanjikiza wandiweyani wa Cr2O3 pamwamba pa zitsulo, zomwe zimapangitsa kuti zisawonongeke ndi dzimbiri.
Mu Gulu M, ntchito zambiri zili m'mafakitale amafuta ndi gasi, kuyika mapaipi, ma flanges, mafakitale opanga mankhwala ndi mankhwala.
Zinthuzi zimapanga tchipisi tating'onoting'ono ndipo zimakhala ndi mphamvu yodula kwambiri kuposa chitsulo wamba.Pali mitundu yambiri yazitsulo zosapanga dzimbiri.Kuchita kwa chip (kuyambira kosavuta mpaka kosatheka kuthyola tchipisi) kumasiyanasiyana kutengera mawonekedwe a aloyi ndi kutentha kwa kutentha.
Makhalidwe akukonza:
- Zida zazitali za chip.
Chip control ndi yosalala mu ferrite komanso yovuta kwambiri mu austenite ndi biphase.
- Mphamvu yodula magawo: 1800 ~ 2850 N/mm².
- Mphamvu yodula kwambiri, chip buildup, kutentha ndi kuumitsa ntchito panthawi yokonza.
Kodi chitsulo chosungunuka ndi chiyani?
Pali mitundu itatu ikuluikulu ya chitsulo chonyezimira: chitsulo chotuwa (GCI), chitsulo cha nodular cast (NCI) ndi chitsulo chosungunuka (CGI).
- Chitsulo chotayira chimapangidwa makamaka ndi Fe-C, yokhala ndi silicon yambiri (1% ~ 3%).
- Mpweya woposa 2%, womwe ndi wosungunuka kwambiri wa C mu gawo la austenite.
- Cr (chromium), Mo (molybdenum) ndi V (vanadium) amawonjezeredwa kuti apange carbides, kuwonjezera mphamvu ndi kuuma koma kuchepetsa machinability.
Gulu K limagwiritsidwa ntchito kwambiri m'magawo agalimoto, kupanga makina ndi kupanga chitsulo.
Mapangidwe a chip amasiyanasiyana, kuchokera ku tchipisi ta ufa mpaka tchipisi taliatali.Mphamvu yofunikira pokonza gulu lazinthu izi nthawi zambiri imakhala yaying'ono.
Dziwani kuti pali kusiyana kwakukulu pakati pa chitsulo chotuwa (chomwe nthawi zambiri chimakhala ndi tchipisi tating'ono ting'onoting'ono) ndi chitsulo cha ductile cast, chomwe kuthyoka kwake kumakhala kofanana kwambiri ndi chitsulo.
Makhalidwe akukonza:
- Zachidule zazifupi.
- Kuwongolera bwino kwa chip muzochitika zonse zogwirira ntchito.
- Mphamvu yodula magawo: 790 ~ 1350 N/mm².
- Zovala za abrasive zimachitika pamene makina amathamanga kwambiri.
- Mphamvu yodula yapakatikati.
Kodi zinthu zopanda chitsulo ndi chiyani?
- Gululi lili ndi zitsulo zopanda chitsulo, zitsulo zofewa zolimba zosakwana 130HB.
Nonferrous metal (Al) alloys okhala ndi silikoni pafupifupi 22% (Si) amapanga gawo lalikulu kwambiri.
- Mkuwa, mkuwa, mkuwa.
Opanga ndege ndi opanga mawilo agalimoto a aluminium alloy amawongolera Gulu N.
Ngakhale mphamvu yofunikira pa mm³ (inchi ya cubic) ndiyotsika, ndikofunikirabe kuwerengera mphamvu yayikulu yofunikira kuti mupeze kuchuluka kwachitsulo chochotsa zitsulo.
Makhalidwe akukonza:
- Zida zazitali za chip.
- Ngati ndi aloyi, kuwongolera chip ndikosavuta.
- Zitsulo zopanda ferrous (Al) ndizomata ndipo zimafuna kugwiritsa ntchito m'mbali zakuthwa.
- Mphamvu yodula magawo: 350 ~ 700 N/mm².
- Mphamvu yodulira ndi mphamvu zomwe zimafunikira pokonza zida za ISO N zili mkati mwazinthu zochepa.
Kodi aloyi yolimbana ndi kutentha ndi chiyani?
Ma aloyi osamva kutentha (HRSA) amaphatikiza chitsulo chosakanikirana kwambiri, faifi tambala, cobalt kapena titaniyamu.
- Gulu: Iron, faifi tambala, cobalt.
- Malo ogwirira ntchito: annealing, chithandizo cha kutentha kwa yankho, chithandizo cha ukalamba, kugudubuza, kupangira, kuponyera.
Mawonekedwe:
Zomwe zili ndi alloy apamwamba (cobalt ndipamwamba kuposa faifi tambala) zimatsimikizira kukana kutentha, kulimba kwamphamvu komanso kukana kwa dzimbiri.
Zida za gulu la S, zomwe zimakhala zovuta kuzikonza, zimagwiritsidwa ntchito makamaka muzamlengalenga, makina opangira gasi ndi mafakitale a jenereta.
Mtunduwu ndi waukulu, koma mphamvu zodula kwambiri nthawi zambiri zimakhalapo.
Makhalidwe akukonza:
- Zida zazitali za chip.
- Kuwongolera chip ndikovuta (tchipisi tating'onoting'ono).
- Mbali yolakwika yakutsogolo ndiyofunikira pazida zadothi ndipo mbali yabwino yakutsogolo ndiyofunikira pa carbide yomangidwa.
- Mphamvu yodula ma unit:
Kwa ma aloyi osagwira kutentha: 2400 ~ 3100 N/mm².
Kwa titaniyamu aloyi: 1300 ~ 1400 N/mm².
- Mphamvu yodula kwambiri komanso mphamvu zimafunikira.
Kodi chitsulo cholimba ndi chiyani?
- Kuchokera pakukonza, chitsulo cholimba ndi chimodzi mwamagulu ang'onoang'ono.
- Gululi lili ndi zitsulo zolimba zolimba> 45 mpaka 65HRC.
- Nthawi zambiri, kuuma kwa magawo olimba omwe akutembenuzidwa nthawi zambiri kumakhala pakati pa 55 ndi 68HRC.
Zitsulo zolimba mu Gulu H zimagwiritsidwa ntchito m'mafakitale osiyanasiyana, monga makampani oyendetsa galimoto ndi ma subcontractors ake, komanso pomanga makina ndi nkhungu.
Kawirikawiri mosalekeza, tchipisi tofiira totentha.Kutentha kwapamwamba kumeneku kumathandiza kuchepetsa mtengo wa kc1, womwe ndi wofunikira kuti uthandize kuthetsa mavuto ogwiritsira ntchito.
Makhalidwe akukonza:
- Zida zazitali za chip.
- Kuwongolera bwino kwa chip.
- Amafuna mbali yolakwika yakutsogolo.
- Mphamvu yodula magawo: 2550 ~ 4870 N/mm².
- Mphamvu yodula kwambiri komanso mphamvu zimafunikira.
Nthawi yotumiza: Jul-24-2023