Chifukwa palibe mfundo zapadziko lonse lapansi zofotokozera magiredi a carbide kapena ntchito, ogwiritsa ntchito ayenera kudalira malingaliro awo komanso chidziwitso chofunikira kuti apambane.#base
Ngakhale mawu oti "carbide grade" amatanthawuza makamaka za tungsten carbide (WC) yopangidwa ndi cobalt, mawuwa ali ndi tanthauzo lalikulu pakupanga makina: simenti ya tungsten carbide kuphatikiza zokutira ndi mankhwala ena.Mwachitsanzo, zopindika ziwiri zopangidwa kuchokera ku zinthu zomwezo za carbide koma zokhala ndi zokutira zosiyanasiyana kapena kuchiritsa pambuyo pake zimatengedwa kuti ndizosiyana.Komabe, palibe kuyimitsidwa pakugawika kwa carbide ndi zokutira zophatikizira, kotero ogulitsa zida zosiyanasiyana amagwiritsa ntchito mitundu yosiyanasiyana ndi njira zamagulu pamagome awo.Izi zitha kupangitsa kuti zikhale zovuta kwa wogwiritsa ntchito kuyerekeza magiredi, nkhani yovuta kwambiri chifukwa kuyenera kwa giredi ya carbide pakugwiritsa ntchito kungathe kukhudza kwambiri momwe angadulire komanso moyo wa zida.
Kuti muyende panjira iyi, wogwiritsa ntchito ayenera kumvetsetsa kaye kuti carbide imapangidwa ndi chiyani komanso momwe chinthu chilichonse chimakhudzira mbali zosiyanasiyana za makina.
Chothandizira ndi chinthu chopanda kanthu cha choyikapo chodula kapena chida cholimba pansi pa zokutira ndi pambuyo pochiza.Nthawi zambiri imakhala ndi 80-95% WC.Kuti apatse gawo lapansi zomwe mukufuna, opanga zinthu amawonjezera zinthu zosiyanasiyana zophatikizirapo.Chinthu chachikulu chomwe chimaphatikizidwa ndi cobalt (Co) - kuchuluka kwa cobalt kumabweretsa kulimba kwambiri, pomwe kutsika kwa cobalt kumawonjezera kuuma.Magawo olimba kwambiri amatha kufikira 1800 HV ndikupereka kukana kwabwino kwambiri, koma ndizovuta kwambiri komanso zoyenera pamikhalidwe yokhazikika.Gawo lamphamvu kwambiri lili ndi kuuma pafupifupi 1300 HV.Magawo awa amatha kupangidwa mothamanga kwambiri, amavala mwachangu, koma amalimbana ndi mabala osokonekera komanso zovuta.
Kulinganiza koyenera pakati pa kuuma ndi kulimba ndi chinthu chofunikira kwambiri posankha alloy pa ntchito inayake.Kusankha giredi yomwe ndi yovuta kwambiri kungayambitse kusweka pang'ono kapena kulephera koopsa.Nthawi yomweyo, magiredi omwe ndi ovuta kwambiri amatha msanga kapena amafunikira kuchepetsa liwiro, zomwe zimachepetsa zokolola.Table 1 imapereka malangizo ofunikira posankha durometer yoyenera:
Zoyikapo zambiri zamakono za carbide ndi zida za carbide zimakutidwa ndi filimu yopyapyala (3 mpaka 20 microns kapena 0.0001 mpaka 0.0007 mainchesi).Chophimbacho nthawi zambiri chimakhala ndi titaniyamu nitride, aluminium oxide ndi titaniyamu carbonitride.Kupaka uku kumawonjezera kuuma ndikupanga chotchinga chamafuta pakati pa cutout ndi gawo lapansi.
Ngakhale idangotchuka zaka khumi zapitazo, kuwonjezera chithandizo chowonjezera pambuyo poti chakhala muyeso wamakampani.Mankhwalawa nthawi zambiri amakhala sandblasting kapena njira zina zopukutira zomwe zimasalala pamwamba ndikuchepetsa mikangano, potero kuchepetsa kutulutsa kutentha.Kusiyana kwamitengo nthawi zambiri kumakhala kochepa ndipo nthawi zambiri kukonzanso kumalimbikitsidwa kuti musankhe mitundu.
Kuti musankhe giredi yolondola ya carbide pa pulogalamu inayake, onani kalozera wa ogulitsa kapena tsamba lawebusayiti kuti mupeze malangizo.Ngakhale kuti palibe muyezo wapadziko lonse lapansi, ogulitsa ambiri amagwiritsa ntchito matchati pofotokoza kuchuluka kwa magiredi omwe akulimbikitsidwa kutengera "kuchuluka" komwe kumawonetsedwa ngati kuphatikiza zilembo zitatu/nambala, monga P05-P20.
Kalata yoyamba ikuwonetsa gulu lazinthu malinga ndi muyezo wa ISO.Gulu lililonse lazinthu limapatsidwa chilembo ndi mtundu wofanana.
Manambala awiri otsatirawa akuyimira kuchuluka kwa kuuma kwa kalasi, kuyambira 05 mpaka 45 mu increments ya 5. 05 ntchito zimafuna kalasi yovuta kwambiri yoyenera mikhalidwe yabwino komanso yokhazikika.45 Ntchito yofuna giredi yolimba kwambiri yoyenera mikhalidwe yovuta komanso yosakhazikika.
Apanso, palibe mulingo wazinthu izi, chifukwa chake ziyenera kutanthauziridwa ngati zofananira patebulo lomwe limawonekera.Mwachitsanzo, kalasi yolembedwa P10-P20 m'mabuku awiri kuchokera kwa ogulitsa osiyanasiyana ikhoza kukhala ndi kuuma kosiyana.
Ngakhale m'kabukhu lomwelo, giredi yolembedwa P10-P20 patebulo lotembenuzidwa itha kukhala ndi kuuma kosiyana ndi giredi yolembedwa P10-P20 patebulo la mphero.Kusiyanaku kumabwera pamikhalidwe yosiyanasiyana yabwino pamapulogalamu osiyanasiyana.Kutembenuza kumachitika bwino ndi magiredi ovuta kwambiri, koma pogaya, mikhalidwe yabwino imafunikira mphamvu chifukwa cha chikhalidwe chapakatikati.
Table 3 imapereka tebulo longoyerekeza la ma alloys ndi momwe amagwiritsidwira ntchito munjira zosiyanasiyana zovuta zotembenuza zomwe zitha kulembedwa m'kabukhu la ogulitsa zida.Mu chitsanzo ichi, kalasi A ikulimbikitsidwa pazochitika zonse zotembenuka, koma osati kudula kolemetsa, pamene kalasi D ikulimbikitsidwa kutembenuka kolemetsa ndi zina zovuta kwambiri.Zida monga MachiningDoctor.com's Grades Finder amatha kufufuza magiredi pogwiritsa ntchito izi.
Monga momwe kulibe mulingo wovomerezeka pakukula kwa kalasi, palibenso mulingo wovomerezeka wosankha kalasi.Komabe, ambiri mwa omwe amapereka ma carbide oyika amatsatira malangizo anthawi zonse pamagawo awo.Mayina a "Classic" ali mumtundu wa zilembo zisanu ndi chimodzi BBSSNN, pomwe:
Kufotokozera pamwambapa ndi kolondola nthawi zambiri.Koma popeza uwu si muyezo wa ISO/ANSI, mavenda ena amadzipangira okha zosintha pamakina, ndipo ndi chanzeru kudziwa zakusinthaku.
Magiredi amatenga gawo lofunikira kwambiri pakutembenuza mapulogalamu kuposa ntchito ina iliyonse.Chifukwa chake, mukasakatula kalozera aliyense wa ogulitsa, gawo losinthira lidzakhala ndi magiredi ambiri osankhidwa.
Kusinthasintha kosiyanasiyana kotereku kumachitika chifukwa cha kusintha kwamitundu yosiyanasiyana.Gululi limachokera ku kudula kosalekeza (kumene chigawo chodula chimagwirizana nthawi zonse ndi workpiece ndipo sichimakhudzidwa, koma chimapanga kutentha kwakukulu) mpaka kudula kosokoneza (kumene kumakhudza kwambiri kumachitika).
Mitundu yosiyanasiyana yosinthira imalumikizidwanso ndi ma diameter osiyanasiyana popanga, kuchokera pa 1/8 ″ (3mm) pamakina amtundu wa swiss mpaka 100 ″ pakugwiritsa ntchito kwambiri mafakitale.Chifukwa liwiro lodula limadaliranso ndi mainchesi, magiredi osiyanasiyana amafunikira omwe amakonzedwa kuti azithamanga kwambiri kapena mwachangu.
Othandizira akuluakulu nthawi zambiri amapereka magiredi osiyanasiyana pagulu lililonse lazinthu.Maphunziro a mndandanda uliwonse kuchokera ku zipangizo zolimba zodula zosokoneza mpaka zipangizo zolimba zodula mosalekeza.
Pamene mphero, osiyanasiyana magiredi anapereka ndi ang'onoang'ono.Chifukwa cha kusinthasintha kwa ntchito, zida zogaya zimafunikira magiredi olimba okhala ndi kukana kwakukulu.Pachifukwa chomwecho, chophimbacho chiyenera kukhala chochepa kwambiri, mwinamwake sichidzapirira zotsatira.
Otsatsa ambiri amagaya magulu osiyanasiyana okhala ndi zomangira zolimba komanso zokutira zosiyanasiyana.
Polekana kapena grooving, kusankha giredi kumakhala kochepa chifukwa cha liwiro lodulira.Ndiko kuti, m'mimba mwake imakhala yaying'ono pamene kudula kumayandikira pakati.Choncho, kuthamanga kwachangu kumachepetsedwa pang'onopang'ono.Mukadula chapakati, liwiro limafika zero kumapeto kwa kudula, ndipo ntchitoyo imakhala yometa ubweya m'malo mwa kudula.
Choncho, kulekanitsa khalidwe ayenera n'zogwirizana ndi osiyanasiyana liwiro kudula, ndi gawo lapansi ayenera kukhala wamphamvu kupirira kukameta ubweya kumapeto kwa ntchito.
Zozama zakuya ndizosiyana ndi mitundu ina.Chifukwa cha kufanana ndi kutembenuka, ogulitsa omwe ali ndi zosankha zambiri zoyikapo zoyikapo nthawi zambiri amapereka magiredi ochulukirapo pamagulu ena azinthu ndi mikhalidwe.
Pobowola, kuthamanga kwapakati pa kubowola kumakhala ziro nthawi zonse, pomwe liwiro lodulira pozungulira limadalira kukula kwa kubowola komanso kuthamanga kwa kuzungulira kwa spindle.Magiredi okometsedwa chifukwa chodulira mwachangu siwoyenera ndipo sayenera kugwiritsidwa ntchito.Ogulitsa ambiri amapereka mitundu yochepa chabe.
Masitolo ambiri amalakwitsa poganiza kuti zida zapamwamba ndi pulagi-ndi-sewero.Zidazi zimatha kulowa m'zida zomwe zilipo ndipo zimatha kulowa mumphero yomweyi kapena kutembenuza matumba monga zoyika za carbide, koma ndipamene kufanana kumathera.
Ufa, magawo, ndi zinthu ndi njira zosiyanasiyana zomwe makampani akukankhira kupanga zowonjezera.Zida za Carbide ndi zodulira ndizosiyana siyana.
Kubowola kwa Ceratizit WTX-HFDS kunapulumutsa mphindi za OWSI 3.5 pa gawo lililonse pantchito zovuta ndikuchotsa ntchito zosafunikira, ndikuwonjezera phindu.
Nthawi yotumiza: Aug-21-2023