Chifukwa palibe mfundo zapadziko lonse lapansi zofotokozera magiredi a carbide kapena ntchito, ogwiritsa ntchito ayenera kudalira malingaliro awo komanso chidziwitso chofunikira kuti apambane.#base
Ngakhale kuti mawu oti "carbide grade" amatanthawuza makamaka za tungsten carbide (WC) yopangidwa ndi cobalt, mawu omwewa ali ndi tanthauzo lalikulu pakupanga makina: simenti ya tungsten carbide kuphatikiza zokutira ndi mankhwala ena.Mwachitsanzo, zopindika ziwiri zopangidwa kuchokera ku zinthu zomwezo za carbide koma zokhala ndi zokutira zosiyanasiyana kapena kuchiritsa pambuyo pake zimatengedwa kuti ndizosiyana.Komabe, palibe kukhazikika pagulu la kuphatikiza kwa carbide ndi zokutira, kotero opanga zida zosiyanasiyana amagwiritsa ntchito mitundu yosiyanasiyana ndi njira zamagulu m'magome awo amkalasi.Izi zitha kukhala zovuta kwa wogwiritsa ntchito yomaliza kuyerekeza magiredi, lomwe ndi vuto lovuta kwambiri chifukwa kuyenera kwa kalasi ya carbide pakugwiritsa ntchito kungathe kukhudza kwambiri mikhalidwe yodula komanso moyo wa zida.
Kuti muyende panjira iyi, ogwiritsa ntchito ayenera kumvetsetsa kaye kuti carbide imapangidwa ndi chiyani komanso momwe chinthu chilichonse chimakhudzira magawo osiyanasiyana a makina.
Chothandizira ndi chinthu chopanda kanthu cha choyikapo chodula kapena chida cholimba pansi pa zokutira ndi pambuyo pochiza.Nthawi zambiri imakhala ndi 80-95% WC.Kuti apatse zinthu zoyambira zomwe akufuna, opanga zinthu amawonjezera ma alloying osiyanasiyana.Chinthu chachikulu cha alloying ndi cobalt (Co).Miyezo yapamwamba ya cobalt imapereka kulimba kwakukulu komanso kuchepa kwa cobalt kumawonjezera kuuma.Magawo olimba kwambiri amatha kufikira 1800 HV ndikupereka kukana kwabwino kwambiri, koma ndizovuta kwambiri komanso zoyenera pamikhalidwe yokhazikika.Gawo lamphamvu kwambiri lili ndi kuuma pafupifupi 1300 HV.Magawo awa amatha kupangidwa mothamanga kwambiri, amavala mwachangu, koma amalimbana ndi mabala osokonekera komanso zovuta.
Kulinganiza koyenera pakati pa kuuma ndi kulimba ndi chinthu chofunikira kwambiri posankha alloy pa ntchito inayake.Kusankha giredi yomwe ndi yolimba kwambiri kungayambitse ma microcracks m'mphepete mwake kapena kulephera koopsa.Nthawi yomweyo, magiredi omwe ndi ovuta kwambiri amatha msanga kapena amafunikira kuchepetsa liwiro, zomwe zimachepetsa zokolola.Table 1 imapereka malangizo ofunikira posankha durometer yoyenera:
Zoyikapo zambiri zamakono za carbide ndi zida za carbide zimakutidwa ndi filimu yopyapyala (3 mpaka 20 microns kapena 0.0001 mpaka 0.0007 mainchesi).Chophimbacho nthawi zambiri chimakhala ndi zigawo za carbon titaniyamu nitride, aluminium oxide ndi titaniyamu nitride.Kupaka uku kumawonjezera kuuma ndikupanga chotchinga chamafuta pakati pa cutout ndi gawo lapansi.
Ngakhale idangotchuka zaka khumi zapitazo, kuwonjezera chithandizo chowonjezera pambuyo poti chakhala muyeso wamakampani.Mankhwalawa nthawi zambiri amakhala sandblasting kapena njira zina zopukutira zomwe zimasalala pamwamba ndikuchepetsa kukangana, zomwe zimachepetsa kutulutsa kutentha.Kusiyana kwamitengo nthawi zambiri kumakhala kochepa kwambiri ndipo nthawi zambiri kumalimbikitsidwa kuti musankhe mitundu yothandizidwa.
Kuti musankhe giredi yolondola ya carbide pa pulogalamu inayake, onani kalozera wa ogulitsa kapena tsamba lawebusayiti kuti mupeze malangizo.Ngakhale kuti kulibe muyezo wapadziko lonse lapansi, ogulitsa ambiri amagwiritsa ntchito matchati pofotokoza milingo yovomerezeka yogwirira ntchito pamagiredi potengera "kusiyanasiyana kwa kagwiritsidwe ntchito" kofotokozedwa ngati kuphatikiza kwa zilembo za zilembo zitatu, monga P05-P20.
Kalata yoyamba ikuwonetsa gulu lazinthu za ISO.Gulu lililonse lazinthu limapatsidwa chilembo ndi mtundu wofanana.
Manambala awiri otsatirawa akuyimira kulimba kwa magiredi kuchokera ku 05 mpaka 45 mu increments ya 5. 05 ntchito zimafuna kalasi yovuta kwambiri pamikhalidwe yabwino komanso yokhazikika.45 Ntchito zomwe zimafuna ma aloyi olimba kwambiri pazovuta komanso zosakhazikika.
Apanso, palibe mulingo wazinthu izi, chifukwa chake ziyenera kutanthauziridwa ngati zofananira patebulo lomwe limawonekera.Mwachitsanzo, magiredi olembedwa P10-P20 m'mabuku awiri ochokera kwa ogulitsa osiyanasiyana angakhale ndi kuuma kosiyana.
Gulu lolembedwa P10-P20 patebulo lotembenuzidwa litha kukhala ndi kuuma kosiyana ndi kalasi yolembedwa P10-P20 patebulo la mphero, ngakhale m'kabukhu komweko.Kusiyana kumeneku kumachokera ku mfundo yakuti mikhalidwe yabwino imasiyanasiyana malinga ndi momwe ntchito ikugwiritsidwira ntchito.Kutembenuza kumachitika bwino ndi magiredi ovuta kwambiri, koma pogaya, mikhalidwe yabwino imafunikira mphamvu chifukwa cha chikhalidwe chapakatikati.
Gulu 3 limapereka tebulo longoyerekeza la ma aloyi ndikugwiritsa ntchito kwawo potembenuza magwiridwe antchito mosiyanasiyana, omwe atha kulembedwa m'ndandanda wa ogulitsa zida.Mu chitsanzo ichi, kalasi A ikulimbikitsidwa pazochitika zonse zotembenuka, koma osati kudula kolemetsa, pamene kalasi D ikulimbikitsidwa kutembenuka kolemetsa ndi zina zovuta kwambiri.Zida monga MachiningDoctor.com's Grades Finder amatha kufufuza magiredi pogwiritsa ntchito izi.
Monga momwe kulibe muyezo wovomerezeka wa masitampu, palibe mulingo wovomerezeka wa mayina amtundu.Komabe, ambiri mwa omwe amapereka ma carbide oyika amatsatira malangizo anthawi zonse pamagawo awo.Mayina a "Classic" ali mumtundu wa zilembo zisanu ndi chimodzi BBSSNN, pomwe:
Kufotokozera pamwambapa ndi kolondola nthawi zambiri.Koma popeza izi siziri muyeso wa ISO/ANSI, ogulitsa ena apanga zosintha zawo ku dongosololi, ndipo chingakhale chanzeru kudziwa za kusinthaku.
Kuposa ntchito ina iliyonse, ma alloys amagwira ntchito yofunika kwambiri pakutembenuza ntchito.Chifukwa cha izi, mbiri yosinthidwa idzakhala ndi magiredi apamwamba kwambiri poyang'ana mndandanda wa ogulitsa.
Kusiyanasiyana kwa magiredi otembenuza ndi chifukwa cha ntchito zosiyanasiyana zotembenuza.Chilichonse chimagwera m'gululi, kuyambira kudula kosalekeza (kumene chigawo chodula chimagwirizana nthawi zonse ndi workpiece ndipo sichikhala ndi mantha, koma chimapanga kutentha kwakukulu) mpaka kudula kosokoneza (komwe kumapanga kugwedezeka kwamphamvu).
Kusiyanasiyana kwa magiredi otembenuka kumakhudzanso kuchuluka kwa ma diameter akupanga, kuchokera pa 1/8 ″ (3 mm) pamakina amtundu wa Swiss mpaka 100 ″ pakugwiritsa ntchito kwambiri mafakitale.Chifukwa liwiro lodula limadaliranso ndi mainchesi, magiredi osiyanasiyana amafunikira omwe amakonzedwa kuti azithamanga kwambiri kapena mwachangu.
Othandizira akuluakulu nthawi zambiri amapereka mndandanda wamagulu osiyanasiyana pagulu lililonse lazinthu.Pamndandanda uliwonse, magiredi amasiyana kuchokera ku zida zolimba zomwe zimayenera kusokonezedwa ndi makina osokonekera kupita kuzomwe zimapangidwira mosalekeza.
Pamene mphero, osiyanasiyana magiredi anapereka ndi ang'onoang'ono.Chifukwa cha kusinthasintha kwa ntchito, ocheka amafunikira magiredi olimba komanso olimba kwambiri.Pachifukwa chomwecho, chophimbacho chiyenera kukhala chochepa kwambiri, mwinamwake sichidzapirira zotsatira.
Otsatsa ambiri amagaya magulu osiyanasiyana okhala ndi zomangira zolimba komanso zokutira zosiyanasiyana.
Polekana kapena grooving, kusankha giredi kumakhala kochepa chifukwa cha liwiro lodulira.Ndiko kuti, m'mimba mwake imakhala yaying'ono pamene kudula kumayandikira pakati.Choncho, kuthamanga kwachangu kumachepetsedwa pang'onopang'ono.Mukadula chapakati, liwiro limafika zero kumapeto kwa kudula, ndipo ntchitoyo imakhala yometa ubweya m'malo modula.
Chifukwa chake, magiredi omwe amagwiritsidwa ntchito posiyanitsa akuyenera kukhala ogwirizana ndi liwiro losiyanasiyana lodulira, ndipo gawo lapansi liyenera kukhala lolimba kuti lipirire kumeta ubweya kumapeto kwa opareshoni.
Zozama zakuya ndizosiyana ndi mitundu ina.Chifukwa cha kufanana ndi kutembenuka, ogulitsa omwe ali ndi zosankha zambiri zoyikapo nthawi zambiri amapereka magiredi osiyanasiyana pamagulu ndi zinthu zina.
Pobowola, kuthamanga kwapakati pa kubowola kumakhala ziro nthawi zonse, ndipo liwiro lodulira pozungulira limadalira kukula kwa kubowola komanso kuthamanga kwa kuzungulira kwa spindle.Magiredi okometsedwa chifukwa chodulira mwachangu siwoyenera ndipo sayenera kugwiritsidwa ntchito.Ogulitsa ambiri amapereka mitundu yochepa chabe.
Ufa, magawo, ndi zinthu ndi njira zosiyanasiyana zomwe makampani akukankhira kupanga zowonjezera.Carbide ndi zida ndi madera osiyanasiyana opambana.
Kupita patsogolo kwazinthu kwapangitsa kuti zitheke kupanga mphero yomaliza ya ceramic yomwe imachita bwino pa liwiro lotsika ndikupikisana ndi ma carbide kumapeto kwa ntchito zosiyanasiyana.Sitolo yanu ikhoza kuyamba kugwiritsa ntchito zida za ceramic.
Masitolo ambiri amalakwitsa poganiza kuti zida zapamwamba ndi pulagi-ndi-sewero.Zida izi zimatha kulowa m'zida zomwe zilipo kale kapenanso mphero zomwezo kapena kutembenuza matumba monga zoyika za carbide, koma ndipamene kufanana kumathera.
Nthawi yotumiza: Mar-22-2023